# BSD 2-Clause License
#
# Apprise - Push Notification Library.
# Copyright (c) 2025, Chris Caron <lead2gold@gmail.com>
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
#    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
#    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
#    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

from datetime import tzinfo
from inspect import cleandoc

# Disable logging for a cleaner testing output
import logging
import os
import re
import sys
from unittest import mock
from urllib.parse import unquote

from apprise import NotificationManager, utils

logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

# Ensure we don't create .pyc files for these tests
sys.dont_write_bytecode = True

# Grant access to our Notification Manager Singleton
N_MGR = NotificationManager()


def test_parse_qsd():
    "utils: parse_qsd() testing"

    result = utils.parse.parse_qsd("a=1&b=&c&d=abcd")
    assert isinstance(result, dict)
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert "qsd" in result
    assert "qsd+" in result
    assert "qsd-" in result
    assert "qsd:" in result

    assert len(result["qsd"]) == 4
    assert "a" in result["qsd"]
    assert "b" in result["qsd"]
    assert "c" in result["qsd"]
    assert "d" in result["qsd"]

    assert len(result["qsd-"]) == 0
    assert len(result["qsd+"]) == 0
    assert len(result["qsd:"]) == 0


def test_parse_url_general():
    "utils: parse_url() testing"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # GitHub Ticket 1234 - Unparseable Hostname
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://5t4m59hl-34343.euw.devtunnels.ms")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "5t4m59hl-34343.euw.devtunnels.ms"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://5t4m59hl-34343.euw.devtunnels.ms"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname/")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # colon after hostname without port number is no good
    assert utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:") is None

    # An invalid port
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:invalid", verify_host=False, strict_port=True
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == "invalid"
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:invalid"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # However if we don't verify the host, it is okay
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:", verify_host=False)
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname:"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # A port of Zero is not valid with strict port checking
    assert utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:0", strict_port=True) is None

    # Without strict port checking however, it is okay
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:0", strict_port=False)
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 0
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:0"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # A negative port is not valid
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:-92", strict_port=True) is None
    )
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:-92", verify_host=False, strict_port=True
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == -92
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:-92"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # A port that is too large is not valid
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:65536", strict_port=True)
        is None
    )

    # This is an accetable port (the maximum)
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:65535", strict_port=True)
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 65535
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:65535"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # This is an accetable port (the maximum)
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:1", strict_port=True)
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 1
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:1"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # A port that was identfied as a string is invalid
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:invalid", strict_port=True)
        is None
    )
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:invalid", verify_host=False, strict_port=True
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == "invalid"
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:invalid"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:invalid", verify_host=False, strict_port=False
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname:invalid"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:invalid"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:invalid?key=value&-minuskey=mvalue",
        verify_host=False,
        strict_port=False,
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname:invalid"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:invalid"
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["-minuskey"]) == "mvalue"
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["key"]) == "value"
    assert unquote(result["qsd-"]["minuskey"]) == "mvalue"
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # Handling of floats
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:4.2", strict_port=True) is None
    )
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:4.2", verify_host=False, strict_port=True
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == "4.2"
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:4.2"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # A Port of zero is not acceptable for a regular hostname
    assert utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:0", strict_port=True) is None

    # No host verification (zero is an acceptable port when this is the case
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:0", verify_host=False)
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 0
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:0"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]:8080",
        verify_host=False,
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]"
    assert result["port"] == 8080
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert (
        result["url"] == "http://[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]:8080"
    )
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:0", verify_host=False, strict_port=True
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 0
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:0"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname/?-KeY=Value")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert "-key" in result["qsd"]
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["-key"]) == "Value"
    assert "KeY" in result["qsd-"]
    assert unquote(result["qsd-"]["KeY"]) == "Value"
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname/?+KeY=Value")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert "+key" in result["qsd"]
    assert "KeY" in result["qsd+"]
    assert result["qsd+"]["KeY"] == "Value"
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname/?:kEy=vALUE")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert ":key" in result["qsd"]
    assert "kEy" in result["qsd:"]
    assert result["qsd:"]["kEy"] == "vALUE"
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname/?+KeY=ValueA&-kEy=ValueB&KEY=Value%20+C&:colon=y"
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert "+key" in result["qsd"]
    assert "-key" in result["qsd"]
    assert ":colon" in result["qsd"]
    assert result["qsd:"]["colon"] == "y"
    assert "key" in result["qsd"]
    assert "KeY" in result["qsd+"]
    assert result["qsd+"]["KeY"] == "ValueA"
    assert "kEy" in result["qsd-"]
    assert result["qsd-"]["kEy"] == "ValueB"
    assert result["qsd"]["key"] == "Value +C"
    assert result["qsd"]["+key"] == result["qsd+"]["KeY"]
    assert result["qsd"]["-key"] == result["qsd-"]["kEy"]

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname/?+KeY=ValueA&-kEy=ValueB&KEY=Value%20+C&:colon=y",
        plus_to_space=True,
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert "+key" in result["qsd"]
    assert "-key" in result["qsd"]
    assert ":colon" in result["qsd"]
    assert result["qsd:"]["colon"] == "y"
    assert "key" in result["qsd"]
    assert "KeY" in result["qsd+"]
    assert result["qsd+"]["KeY"] == "ValueA"
    assert "kEy" in result["qsd-"]
    assert result["qsd-"]["kEy"] == "ValueB"
    assert result["qsd"]["key"] == "Value  C"
    assert result["qsd"]["+key"] == result["qsd+"]["KeY"]
    assert result["qsd"]["-key"] == result["qsd-"]["kEy"]

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname////")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:40////")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 40
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:40/"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("HTTP://HoStNaMe:40/test.php")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "HoStNaMe"
    assert result["port"] == 40
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/test.php"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] == "test.php"
    assert result["url"] == "http://HoStNaMe:40/test.php"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("HTTPS://user@hostname/test.py")
    assert result["schema"] == "https"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] == "user"
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/test.py"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] == "test.py"
    assert result["url"] == "https://user@hostname/test.py"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("  HTTPS://///user@@@hostname///test.py  ")
    assert result["schema"] == "https"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] == "user"
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/test.py"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] == "test.py"
    assert result["url"] == "https://user@hostname/test.py"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "HTTPS://user:password@otherHost/full///path/name/",
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "https"
    assert result["host"] == "otherHost"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] == "user"
    assert result["password"] == "password"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/full/path/name/"
    assert result["path"] == "/full/path/name/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "https://user:password@otherHost/full/path/name/"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "HTTPS://hostname/a/path/ending/with/slash/?key=value",
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "https"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/a/path/ending/with/slash/"
    assert result["path"] == "/a/path/ending/with/slash/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "https://hostname/a/path/ending/with/slash/"
    assert result["qsd"] == {"key": "value"}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # Handle garbage
    assert utils.parse.parse_url(None) is None

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "mailto://user:password@otherHost/lead2gold@gmail.com"
        + "?from=test@test.com&name=Chris%20Caron&format=text"
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "mailto"
    assert result["host"] == "otherHost"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] == "user"
    assert result["password"] == "password"
    assert unquote(result["fullpath"]) == "/lead2gold@gmail.com"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert unquote(result["query"]) == "lead2gold@gmail.com"
    assert (
        unquote(result["url"])
        == "mailto://user:password@otherHost/lead2gold@gmail.com"
    )
    assert len(result["qsd"]) == 3
    assert "name" in result["qsd"]
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["name"]) == "Chris Caron"
    assert "from" in result["qsd"]
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["from"]) == "test@test.com"
    assert "format" in result["qsd"]
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["format"]) == "text"
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # Test Passwords with question marks ?; not supported
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://user:pass.with.?question@host")
    assert result is None

    # just hostnames
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("nuxref.com")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "nuxref.com"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://nuxref.com"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # just host and path
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("invalid/host")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "invalid"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/host"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] == "host"
    assert result["url"] == "http://invalid/host"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # just all out invalid
    assert utils.parse.parse_url("?") is None
    assert utils.parse.parse_url("/") is None

    # Test some illegal strings
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(object, verify_host=False)
    assert result is None
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(None, verify_host=False)
    assert result is None

    # Just a schema; invalid host
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("test://")
    assert result is None

    # Do it again without host validation
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("test://", verify_host=False)
    assert result["schema"] == "test"
    # It's worth noting that the hostname is an empty string and is NEVER set
    # to None if it wasn't specified.
    assert result["host"] == ""
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "test://"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("testhostname")
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "testhostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    # The default_schema kicks in here
    assert result["url"] == "http://testhostname"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("example.com", default_schema="unknown")
    assert result["schema"] == "unknown"
    assert result["host"] == "example.com"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    # The default_schema kicks in here
    assert result["url"] == "unknown://example.com"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # An empty string without a hostame is still valid if verify_host is set
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("", verify_host=False)
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == ""
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] is None
    assert result["path"] is None
    assert result["query"] is None
    # The default_schema kicks in here
    assert result["url"] == "http://"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # A messed up URL
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("test://:@/", verify_host=False)
    assert result["schema"] == "test"
    assert result["host"] == ""
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] == ""
    assert result["password"] == ""
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "test://:@/"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "crazy://:@//_/@^&/jack.json", verify_host=False
    )
    assert result["schema"] == "crazy"
    assert result["host"] == ""
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] == ""
    assert result["password"] == ""
    assert unquote(result["fullpath"]) == "/_/@^&/jack.json"
    assert unquote(result["path"]) == "/_/@^&/"
    assert result["query"] == "jack.json"
    assert unquote(result["url"]) == "crazy://:@/_/@^&/jack.json"
    assert result["qsd"] == {}
    assert result["qsd-"] == {}
    assert result["qsd+"] == {}
    assert result["qsd:"] == {}

    # Sanitizing
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "hTTp://hostname/?+KeY=ValueA&-kEy=ValueB&KEY=Value%20+C&:cOlON=YeS",
        sanitize=False,
    )

    assert len(result["qsd-"]) == 1
    assert len(result["qsd+"]) == 1
    assert len(result["qsd"]) == 4
    assert len(result["qsd:"]) == 1

    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] is None
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert "+KeY" in result["qsd"]
    assert "-kEy" in result["qsd"]
    assert ":cOlON" in result["qsd"]
    assert result["qsd:"]["cOlON"] == "YeS"
    assert "key" not in result["qsd"]
    assert "KeY" in result["qsd+"]
    assert result["qsd+"]["KeY"] == "ValueA"
    assert "kEy" in result["qsd-"]
    assert result["qsd-"]["kEy"] == "ValueB"
    assert result["qsd"]["KEY"] == "Value +C"
    assert result["qsd"]["+KeY"] == result["qsd+"]["KeY"]
    assert result["qsd"]["-kEy"] == result["qsd-"]["kEy"]

    # Testing Defect 1264 - whitespaces in url
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "posts://example.com/my endpoint?-token=ab cdefg"
    )

    assert len(result["qsd-"]) == 1
    assert len(result["qsd+"]) == 0
    assert len(result["qsd"]) == 1
    assert len(result["qsd:"]) == 0

    assert result["schema"] == "posts"
    assert result["host"] == "example.com"
    assert result["port"] is None
    assert result["user"] is None
    assert result["password"] is None
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/my%20endpoint"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] == "my%20endpoint"
    assert result["url"] == "posts://example.com/my%20endpoint"
    assert "-token" in result["qsd"]
    assert result["qsd-"]["token"] == "ab cdefg"


def test_parse_url_simple():
    "utils: parse_url() testing"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 3
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname/", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 5
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"

    # colon after hostname without port number is no good
    assert utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:", simple=True) is None

    # An invalid port
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:invalid",
        verify_host=False,
        strict_port=True,
        simple=True,
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == "invalid"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:invalid"

    # However if we don't verify the host, it is okay
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:", verify_host=False, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 3
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname:"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:"

    # A port of Zero is not valid with strict port checking
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url(
            "http://hostname:0", strict_port=True, simple=True
        )
        is None
    )

    # Without strict port checking however, it is okay
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:0", strict_port=False, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["port"] == 0
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:0"

    # A negative port is not valid
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url(
            "http://hostname:-92", strict_port=True, simple=True
        )
        is None
    )
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:-92", verify_host=False, strict_port=True, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == -92
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:-92"

    # A port that is too large is not valid
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url(
            "http://hostname:65536", strict_port=True, simple=True
        )
        is None
    )

    # This is an accetable port (the maximum)
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:65535", strict_port=True, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 65535
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:65535"

    # This is an accetable port (the maximum)
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:1", strict_port=True, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 1
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:1"

    # A port that was identfied as a string is invalid
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url(
            "http://hostname:invalid", strict_port=True, simple=True
        )
        is None
    )
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:invalid",
        verify_host=False,
        strict_port=True,
        simple=True,
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == "invalid"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:invalid"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:invalid",
        verify_host=False,
        strict_port=False,
        simple=True,
    )
    assert len(result) == 3
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname:invalid"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:invalid"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:invalid?key=value&-minuskey=mvalue",
        verify_host=False,
        strict_port=False,
        simple=True,
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname:invalid"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:invalid"
    assert isinstance(result["qsd"], dict)
    assert len(result["qsd"]) == 2
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["-minuskey"]) == "mvalue"
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["key"]) == "value"

    # Handling of floats
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url(
            "http://hostname:4.2", strict_port=True, simple=True
        )
        is None
    )
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:4.2", verify_host=False, strict_port=True, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == "4.2"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:4.2"

    # A Port of zero is not acceptable for a regular hostname
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_url(
            "http://hostname:0", strict_port=True, simple=True
        )
        is None
    )

    # No host verification (zero is an acceptable port when this is the case
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:0", verify_host=False, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 0
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:0"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]:8080",
        verify_host=False,
        simple=True,
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]"
    assert result["port"] == 8080
    assert (
        result["url"] == "http://[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]:8080"
    )

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname:0", verify_host=False, strict_port=True, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 4
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 0
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:0"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname/?-KeY=Value", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 6
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert "-key" in result["qsd"]
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["-key"]) == "Value"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname/?+KeY=Value", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 6
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert "+key" in result["qsd"]
    assert result["qsd"]["+key"] == "Value"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname/?:kEy=vALUE", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 6
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert ":key" in result["qsd"]
    assert result["qsd"][":key"] == "vALUE"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://hostname/?+KeY=ValueA&-kEy=ValueB&KEY=Value%20+C&:colon=y",
        simple=True,
    )
    assert len(result) == 6
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"
    assert "+key" in result["qsd"]
    assert "-key" in result["qsd"]
    assert ":colon" in result["qsd"]
    assert result["qsd"][":colon"] == "y"
    assert result["qsd"]["key"] == "Value +C"
    assert result["qsd"]["+key"] == "ValueA"
    assert result["qsd"]["-key"] == "ValueB"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname////", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 5
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname/"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("http://hostname:40////", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 6
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["port"] == 40
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["url"] == "http://hostname:40/"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("HTTP://HoStNaMe:40/test.php", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 7
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "HoStNaMe"
    assert result["port"] == 40
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/test.php"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] == "test.php"
    assert result["url"] == "http://HoStNaMe:40/test.php"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "HTTPS://user@hostname/test.py", simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 7
    assert result["schema"] == "https"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["user"] == "user"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/test.py"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] == "test.py"
    assert result["url"] == "https://user@hostname/test.py"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "  HTTPS://///user@@@hostname///test.py  ", simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 7
    assert result["schema"] == "https"
    assert result["host"] == "hostname"
    assert result["user"] == "user"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/test.py"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] == "test.py"
    assert result["url"] == "https://user@hostname/test.py"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "HTTPS://user:password@otherHost/full///path/name/",
        simple=True,
    )
    assert len(result) == 7
    assert result["schema"] == "https"
    assert result["host"] == "otherHost"
    assert result["user"] == "user"
    assert result["password"] == "password"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/full/path/name/"
    assert result["path"] == "/full/path/name/"
    assert result["url"] == "https://user:password@otherHost/full/path/name/"

    # Handle garbage
    assert utils.parse.parse_url(None) is None

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "mailto://user:password@otherHost/lead2gold@gmail.com"
        + "?from=test@test.com&name=Chris%20Caron&format=text",
        simple=True,
    )
    assert len(result) == 9
    assert result["schema"] == "mailto"
    assert result["host"] == "otherHost"
    assert result["user"] == "user"
    assert result["password"] == "password"
    assert unquote(result["fullpath"]) == "/lead2gold@gmail.com"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert unquote(result["query"]) == "lead2gold@gmail.com"
    assert (
        unquote(result["url"])
        == "mailto://user:password@otherHost/lead2gold@gmail.com"
    )
    assert len(result["qsd"]) == 3
    assert "name" in result["qsd"]
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["name"]) == "Chris Caron"
    assert "from" in result["qsd"]
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["from"]) == "test@test.com"
    assert "format" in result["qsd"]
    assert unquote(result["qsd"]["format"]) == "text"

    # Test Passwords with question marks ?; not supported
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "http://user:pass.with.?question@host", simple=True
    )
    assert result is None

    # just hostnames
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "nuxref.com",
        simple=True,
    )
    assert len(result) == 3
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "nuxref.com"
    assert result["url"] == "http://nuxref.com"

    # just host and path
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("invalid/host", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 6
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "invalid"
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/host"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["query"] == "host"
    assert result["url"] == "http://invalid/host"

    # just all out invalid
    assert utils.parse.parse_url("?", simple=True) is None
    assert utils.parse.parse_url("/", simple=True) is None

    # Test some illegal strings
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(object, verify_host=False, simple=True)
    assert result is None
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(None, verify_host=False, simple=True)
    assert result is None

    # Just a schema; invalid host
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("test://", simple=True)
    assert result is None

    # Do it again without host validation
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("test://", verify_host=False, simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 2
    assert result["schema"] == "test"
    assert result["url"] == "test://"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url("testhostname", simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 3
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    assert result["host"] == "testhostname"
    # The default_schema kicks in here
    assert result["url"] == "http://testhostname"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "example.com", default_schema="unknown", simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 3
    assert result["schema"] == "unknown"
    assert result["host"] == "example.com"
    # The default_schema kicks in here
    assert result["url"] == "unknown://example.com"

    # An empty string without a hostame is still valid if verify_host is set
    result = utils.parse.parse_url("", verify_host=False, simple=True)
    assert len(result) == 2
    assert result["schema"] == "http"
    # The default_schema kicks in here
    assert result["url"] == "http://"

    # A messed up URL
    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "test://:@/", verify_host=False, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 6
    assert result["schema"] == "test"
    assert result["user"] == ""
    assert result["password"] == ""
    assert result["fullpath"] == "/"
    assert result["path"] == "/"
    assert result["url"] == "test://:@/"

    result = utils.parse.parse_url(
        "crazy://:@//_/@^&/jack.json", verify_host=False, simple=True
    )
    assert len(result) == 7
    assert result["schema"] == "crazy"
    assert result["user"] == ""
    assert result["password"] == ""
    assert unquote(result["fullpath"]) == "/_/@^&/jack.json"
    assert unquote(result["path"]) == "/_/@^&/"
    assert result["query"] == "jack.json"
    assert unquote(result["url"]) == "crazy://:@/_/@^&/jack.json"


def test_url_assembly():
    """ "utils: url_assembly() testing."""

    url = "schema://user:password@hostname:port/path/?key=value"
    assert (
        utils.parse.url_assembly(
            **utils.parse.parse_url(url, verify_host=False)
        )
        == url
    )

    # Same URL without trailing slash after path
    url = "schema://user:password@hostname:port/path?key=value"
    assert (
        utils.parse.url_assembly(
            **utils.parse.parse_url(url, verify_host=False)
        )
        == url
    )

    url = "schema://user@hostname:port/path?key=value"
    assert (
        utils.parse.url_assembly(
            **utils.parse.parse_url(url, verify_host=False)
        )
        == url
    )

    url = "schema://hostname:10/a/file.php"
    assert (
        utils.parse.url_assembly(
            **utils.parse.parse_url(url, verify_host=False)
        )
        == url
    )

    # When spaces and special characters are introduced, the URL
    # is hard to mimic what was entered. Instead it is normalized
    url = (
        "schema://hostname:10/a space/file.php?"
        "arg=a+space&arg2=a%20space&arg3=a space"
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.url_assembly(
            **utils.parse.parse_url(url, verify_host=False)
        )
        == "schema://hostname:10/a%20space/file.php?"
        "arg=a%2Bspace&arg2=a+space&arg3=a+space"
    )

    # encode=True should only be used if you're passing in un-assembled
    # content... hence the following is likely not what is expected:
    assert (
        utils.parse.url_assembly(
            **utils.parse.parse_url(url, verify_host=False), encode=True
        )
        == "schema://hostname:10/a%2520space/file.php?"
        "arg=a%2Bspace&arg2=a+space&arg3=a+space"
    )

    # But the following utilizes the encode=True and produces the
    # desired effects:
    content = {
        "host": "hostname",
        # Note that fullpath requires escaping in this case
        "fullpath": "/a space/file.php",
        "path": "/a space/",
        "query": "file.php",
        "schema": "schema",
        # our query arguments also require escaping as well
        "qsd": {"arg": "a+space", "arg2": "a space", "arg3": "a space"},
    }
    assert (
        utils.parse.url_assembly(**content, encode=True)
        == "schema://hostname/a%20space/file.php?"
        "arg=a%2Bspace&arg2=a+space&arg3=a+space"
    )


def test_parse_bool():
    "utils: parse_bool() testing"

    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("Enabled", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("Disabled", None) is False
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("Allow", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("Deny", None) is False
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("Yes", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("YES", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("Always", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("No", None) is False
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("NO", None) is False
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("NEVER", None) is False
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("TrUE", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("tRUe", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("FAlse", None) is False
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("F", None) is False
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("T", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("0", None) is False
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("1", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("True", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("Yes", None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool(1, None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool(0, None) is False
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool(True, None) is True
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool(False, None) is False

    # only the int of 0 will return False since the function
    # casts this to a boolean
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool(2, None) is True
    # An empty list is still false
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool([], None) is False
    # But a list that contains something is True
    assert (
        utils.parse.parse_bool(
            [
                "value",
            ],
            None,
        )
        is True
    )

    # Use Default (which is False)
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("OhYeah") is False
    # Adjust Default and get a different result
    assert utils.parse.parse_bool("OhYeah", True) is True


def test_is_uuid():
    """
    API: is_uuid() function
    """
    # Invalid Entries
    assert utils.parse.is_uuid("invalid") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_uuid(None) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_uuid(5) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_uuid(object) is False

    # A slightly invalid uuid4 entry
    assert utils.parse.is_uuid("591ed387-fa65-ac97-9712-b9d2a15e42a9") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_uuid("591ed387-fa65-Jc97-9712-b9d2a15e42a9") is False

    # Valid UUID4 Entries
    assert utils.parse.is_uuid("591ed387-fa65-4c97-9712-b9d2a15e42a9") is True
    assert utils.parse.is_uuid("32b0b447-fe84-4df1-8368-81925e729265") is True


def test_is_hostname():
    """
    API: is_hostname() function

    """
    # Valid Hostnames
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("yahoo.ca") == "yahoo.ca"
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("yahoo.ca.") == "yahoo.ca"
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname("valid-dashes-in-host.ca")
        == "valid-dashes-in-host.ca"
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname("valid-underscores_in_host.ca")
        == "valid-underscores_in_host.ca"
    )

    # Underscores are supported by default
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname("valid_dashes_in_host.ca")
        == "valid_dashes_in_host.ca"
    )
    # However they are not if specified otherwise:
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname("valid_dashes_in_host.ca", underscore=False)
        is False
    )

    # Invalid Hostnames
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname("-hostname.that.starts.with.a.dash") is False
    )
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("invalid-characters_#^.ca") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("    spaces   ") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("       ") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("") is False

    # Valid IPv4 Addresses
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("127.0.0.1") == "127.0.0.1"
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("0.0.0.0") == "0.0.0.0"
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("255.255.255.255") == "255.255.255.255"

    # But not if we're not checking for this:
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("127.0.0.1", ipv4=False) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("0.0.0.0", ipv4=False) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("255.255.255.255", ipv4=False) is False

    # Invalid IPv4 Addresses
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("1.2.3") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("256.256.256.256") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("999.0.0.0") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("1.2.3.4.5") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("    127.0.0.1   ") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("       ") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("") is False

    # Valid IPv6 Addresses (square brakets supported for URL construction)
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname("[2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334]")
        == "[2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334]"
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334")
        == "[2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334]"
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname("[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]")
        == "[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]"
    )

    # localhost
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("::1") == "[::1]"
    assert utils.parse.is_hostname("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1") == "[0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1]"

    # But not if we're not checking for this:
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname(
            "[2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334]", ipv6=False
        )
        is False
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname(
            "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334", ipv6=False
        )
        is False
    )

    # Test hostnames with a single character hostname
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_hostname("cloud.a.example.com", ipv4=False, ipv6=False)
        == "cloud.a.example.com"
    )


def test_is_ipaddr():
    """
    API: is_ipaddr() function

    """
    # Valid IPv4 Addresses
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("127.0.0.1") == "127.0.0.1"
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("0.0.0.0") == "0.0.0.0"
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("255.255.255.255") == "255.255.255.255"

    # Invalid IPv4 Addresses
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("1.2.3") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("256.256.256.256") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("999.0.0.0") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("1.2.3.4.5") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("    127.0.0.1   ") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("       ") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("") is False

    # Valid IPv6 Addresses (square brakets supported for URL construction)
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_ipaddr("[2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334]")
        == "[2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334]"
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_ipaddr("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334")
        == "[2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334]"
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.is_ipaddr("[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]")
        == "[2001:db8:002a:3256:adfe:05c0:0003:0006]"
    )

    # localhost
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("::1") == "[::1]"
    assert utils.parse.is_ipaddr("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1") == "[0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1]"


def test_is_email():
    """
    API: is_email() function

    """
    # Valid Emails
    results = utils.parse.is_email("test@gmail.com")
    assert results["name"] == ""
    assert results["email"] == "test@gmail.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "test@gmail.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "gmail.com"
    assert results["user"] == "test"
    assert results["label"] == ""

    results = utils.parse.is_email("test@my-valid_host.com")
    assert results["name"] == ""
    assert results["email"] == "test@my-valid_host.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "test@my-valid_host.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "my-valid_host.com"
    assert results["user"] == "test"
    assert results["label"] == ""

    results = utils.parse.is_email("tag+test@gmail.com")
    assert results["name"] == ""
    assert results["email"] == "test@gmail.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "tag+test@gmail.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "gmail.com"
    assert results["user"] == "test"
    assert results["label"] == "tag"

    # Support Full Names as well
    results = utils.parse.is_email("Bill Gates: bgates@microsoft.com")
    assert results["name"] == "Bill Gates"
    assert results["email"] == "bgates@microsoft.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "bgates@microsoft.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "microsoft.com"
    assert results["user"] == "bgates"
    assert results["label"] == ""

    results = utils.parse.is_email("Bill Gates <bgates@microsoft.com>")
    assert results["name"] == "Bill Gates"
    assert results["email"] == "bgates@microsoft.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "bgates@microsoft.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "microsoft.com"
    assert results["user"] == "bgates"
    assert results["label"] == ""

    results = utils.parse.is_email("Bill Gates: <bgates@microsoft.com>")
    assert results["name"] == "Bill Gates"
    assert results["email"] == "bgates@microsoft.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "bgates@microsoft.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "microsoft.com"
    assert results["user"] == "bgates"
    assert results["label"] == ""

    results = utils.parse.is_email("Sundar Pichai <ceo+spichai@gmail.com>")
    assert results["name"] == "Sundar Pichai"
    assert results["email"] == "spichai@gmail.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "ceo+spichai@gmail.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "gmail.com"
    assert results["user"] == "spichai"
    assert results["label"] == "ceo"

    # Support Quotes
    results = utils.parse.is_email('"Chris Hemsworth" <ch@test.com>')
    assert results["name"] == "Chris Hemsworth"
    assert results["email"] == "ch@test.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "ch@test.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "test.com"
    assert results["user"] == "ch"
    assert results["label"] == ""

    # An email without name, but contains delimiters
    results = utils.parse.is_email("      <spichai@gmail.com>")
    assert results["name"] == ""
    assert results["email"] == "spichai@gmail.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "spichai@gmail.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "gmail.com"
    assert results["user"] == "spichai"
    assert results["label"] == ""

    # a valid email not properly delimited with a colon or angle bracket
    # We do a best guess and still parse it correctly
    results = utils.parse.is_email("Name valid@example.com")
    assert results["name"] == "Name"
    assert results["email"] == "valid@example.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "valid@example.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "example.com"
    assert results["user"] == "valid"
    assert results["label"] == ""

    # a valid email not properly delimited with a colon or angle bracket
    # We do a best guess and still parse it correctly
    results = utils.parse.is_email("Руслан Эра russian+russia@example.ru")
    assert results["name"] == "Руслан Эра"
    assert results["email"] == "russia@example.ru"
    assert results["full_email"] == "russian+russia@example.ru"
    assert results["domain"] == "example.ru"
    assert results["user"] == "russia"
    assert results["label"] == "russian"

    # Invalid Emails
    assert utils.parse.is_email("invalid.com") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_email(object()) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_email(None) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_email("Just A Name") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_email("Name <bademail>") is False

    # Extended valid emails
    #
    # The first + denotes our label, so this test really validates
    # that there is a correct split and parsing of our email
    results = utils.parse.is_email("a-z0-9_!#$%&*+/=?%`{|}~^.-@gmail.com")
    assert results["name"] == ""
    assert results["label"] == "a-z0-9_!#$%&*"
    assert results["email"] == "/=?%`{|}~^.-@gmail.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "a-z0-9_!#$%&*+/=?%`{|}~^.-@gmail.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "gmail.com"
    assert results["user"] == "/=?%`{|}~^.-"

    # A similar test without '+' (use of a label)

    # The first + denotes our label, so this test really validates
    # that there is a correct split and parsing of our email
    results = utils.parse.is_email("a-z0-9_!#$%&*/=?%`{|}~^.-@gmail.com")
    assert results["name"] == ""
    assert results["label"] == ""
    assert results["email"] == "a-z0-9_!#$%&*/=?%`{|}~^.-@gmail.com"
    assert results["full_email"] == "a-z0-9_!#$%&*/=?%`{|}~^.-@gmail.com"
    assert results["domain"] == "gmail.com"
    assert results["user"] == "a-z0-9_!#$%&*/=?%`{|}~^.-"


def test_is_call_sign_no():
    """
    API: is_call_sign() function

    """
    # Invalid numbers
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign(None) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign(42) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign(object) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("1") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("12") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("abc") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("+()") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("+") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign(None) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign(42) is False

    # To short or 2 long
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("DF1ABCX") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("DF1ABCEFG") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("1ABCX") is False
    # 4th character is not an number
    assert utils.parse.is_call_sign("XXXXXX") is False

    # Some valid checks
    # 1x2
    result = utils.parse.is_call_sign("A0AF")
    assert isinstance(result, dict)
    assert result["callsign"] == "A0AF"
    assert result["ssid"] == ""

    # 2x1
    result = utils.parse.is_call_sign("AA0A")
    assert isinstance(result, dict)
    assert result["callsign"] == "AA0A"
    assert result["ssid"] == ""

    # 2x2
    result = utils.parse.is_call_sign("AA0AF")
    assert isinstance(result, dict)
    assert result["callsign"] == "AA0AF"
    assert result["ssid"] == ""

    result = utils.parse.is_call_sign("AA0AF-23")
    assert isinstance(result, dict)
    assert result["callsign"] == "AA0AF"
    assert result["ssid"] == "23"

    # 1x3
    result = utils.parse.is_call_sign("K0ACL")
    assert isinstance(result, dict)
    assert result["callsign"] == "K0ACL"
    assert result["ssid"] == ""

    # 2x3
    result = utils.parse.is_call_sign("DF1ABC")
    assert isinstance(result, dict)
    assert result["callsign"] == "DF1ABC"
    assert result["ssid"] == ""

    # Get our SSID
    result = utils.parse.is_call_sign("DF1ABC-14")
    assert result["callsign"] == "DF1ABC"
    assert result["ssid"] == "14"


def test_is_phone_no():
    """
    API: is_phone_no() function

    """
    # Invalid numbers
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no(None) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no(42) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no(object) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("1") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("12") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("abc") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("+()") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("+") is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no(None) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no(42) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no(object, min_len=0) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("", min_len=1) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("abc", min_len=0) is False
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("", min_len=0) is False

    # Ambigious, but will document it here in this test as such
    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("+((()))--+", min_len=0)
    assert results["country"] == ""
    assert results["area"] == ""
    assert results["line"] == ""
    assert results["pretty"] == ""
    assert results["full"] == ""

    # Valid phone numbers
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("+(0)") is False
    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("+(0)", min_len=1)
    assert results["country"] == ""
    assert results["area"] == ""
    assert results["line"] == "0"
    assert results["pretty"] == "0"
    assert results["full"] == "0"

    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("1") is False
    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("1", min_len=1)
    assert results["country"] == ""
    assert results["area"] == ""
    assert results["line"] == "1"
    assert results["pretty"] == "1"
    assert results["full"] == "1"

    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("12") is False
    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("12", min_len=2)
    assert results["country"] == ""
    assert results["area"] == ""
    assert results["line"] == "12"
    assert results["pretty"] == "12"
    assert results["full"] == "12"

    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("911") is False
    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("911", min_len=3)
    assert isinstance(results, dict)
    assert results["country"] == ""
    assert results["area"] == ""
    assert results["line"] == "911"
    assert results["pretty"] == "911"
    assert results["full"] == "911"

    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("1234") is False
    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("1234", min_len=4)
    assert isinstance(results, dict)
    assert results["country"] == ""
    assert results["area"] == ""
    assert results["line"] == "1234"
    assert results["pretty"] == "1234"
    assert results["full"] == "1234"

    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("12345") is False
    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("12345", min_len=5)
    assert isinstance(results, dict)
    assert results["country"] == ""
    assert results["area"] == ""
    assert results["line"] == "12345"
    assert results["pretty"] == "12345"
    assert results["full"] == "12345"

    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("123456") is False
    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("123456", min_len=6)
    assert isinstance(results, dict)
    assert results["country"] == ""
    assert results["area"] == ""
    assert results["line"] == "123456"
    assert results["pretty"] == "123456"
    assert results["full"] == "123456"

    # at 7 digits, the format hyphenates in the `pretty` section
    assert utils.parse.is_phone_no("1234567") is False
    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("1234567", min_len=7)
    assert isinstance(results, dict)
    assert results["country"] == ""
    assert results["area"] == ""
    assert results["line"] == "1234567"
    assert results["pretty"] == "123-4567"
    assert results["full"] == "1234567"

    results = utils.parse.is_phone_no("1(800) 123-4567")
    assert isinstance(results, dict)
    assert results["country"] == "1"
    assert results["area"] == "800"
    assert results["line"] == "1234567"
    assert results["pretty"] == "+1 800-123-4567"
    assert results["full"] == "18001234567"


def test_parse_call_sign():
    """utils: parse_call_sign() testing"""
    # A simple single array entry (As str)
    results = utils.parse.parse_call_sign("")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # just delimeters
    results = utils.parse.parse_call_sign(",  ,, , ,,, ")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_call_sign(None)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_call_sign(42)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_call_sign(
        "this is not a parseable call sign at all"
    )
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 9

    results = utils.parse.parse_call_sign(
        "this is not a parseable call sign at all", store_unparseable=False
    )
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # Now test valid call signs
    results = utils.parse.parse_call_sign("0A1DEF")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 1
    assert "0A1DEF" in results

    results = utils.parse.parse_call_sign("0A1DEF, DF1ABC")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 2
    assert "0A1DEF" in results
    assert "DF1ABC" in results

    results = utils.parse.parse_call_sign("AA0A, A0AF-12, GARBAGE")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 2
    assert "AA0A" in results
    assert "A0AF-12" in results


def test_parse_phone_no():
    """utils: parse_phone_no() testing"""
    # A simple single array entry (As str)
    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no("")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # just delimeters
    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no(",  ,, , ,,, ")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no(",")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no(None)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no(42)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no(
        "this is not a parseable phoneno at all"
    )
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 8
    # Now we do it again with the store_unparsable flag set to False
    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no(
        "this is not a parseable email at all", store_unparseable=False
    )
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no("+", store_unparseable=False)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no("(", store_unparseable=False)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # Number is too short
    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no("0", store_unparseable=False)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no("12", store_unparseable=False)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # Now test valid phone numbers
    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no("+1 (124) 245 2345")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 1
    assert "+1 (124) 245 2345" in results

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no("911", store_unparseable=False)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 1
    assert "911" in results

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no(
        "911, 123-123-1234", store_unparseable=False
    )
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 2
    assert "911" in results
    assert "123-123-1234" in results

    # Space variations
    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no(" 911  , +1 (123) 123-1234")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 2
    assert "911" in results
    assert "+1 (123) 123-1234" in results

    results = utils.parse.parse_phone_no(" 911  , + 1 ( 123 ) 123-1234")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 2
    assert "911" in results
    assert "+ 1 ( 123 ) 123-1234" in results


def test_parse_emails():
    """utils: parse_emails() testing"""
    # A simple single array entry (As str)
    results = utils.parse.parse_emails("")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # just delimeters
    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(",  ,, , ,,, ")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(",")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(None)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(42)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails("this is not a parseable email at all")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 8
    # Now we do it again with the store_unparsable flag set to False
    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(
        "this is not a parseable email at all", store_unparseable=False
    )
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # Now test valid emails
    results = utils.parse.parse_emails("user@example.com")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 1
    assert "user@example.com" in results

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails("a@")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 1
    assert "a@" in results

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails("user1@example.com user2@example.com")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 2
    assert "user1@example.com" in results
    assert "user2@example.com" in results

    # Commas and spaces found inside URLs are ignored
    emails = [
        "user1@example.com,",
        "test1@example.com,,, abcd@example.com",
        "Chuck Norris roundhouse@kick.com",
        "David Spade dspade@example.com, Yours Truly yours@truly.com",
    ]

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(", ".join(emails))
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 6
    assert "user1@example.com" in results
    assert "test1@example.com" in results
    assert "abcd@example.com" in results
    assert "Chuck Norris roundhouse@kick.com" in results
    assert "David Spade dspade@example.com" in results
    assert "Yours Truly yours@truly.com" in results

    # Test triangle bracket parsing
    # Commas and spaces found inside URLs are ignored
    emails = [
        "User1 user1@example.com",
        "User 2 user2@example.com",
        "User Three <user3@example.com>",
        "The Forth User: <user4@example.com>",
        "5th User: user4@example.com",
    ]

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(", ".join(emails))
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == len(emails)
    for email in emails:
        assert email in results
        is_email = utils.parse.is_email(email)
        assert is_email
        assert is_email.get("name")

    # pass the entries in as a list
    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(emails)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == len(emails)
    for email in emails:
        assert email in results

    # Pass in some unparseables
    results = utils.parse.parse_emails("garbage")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 1

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails("garbage", store_unparseable=False)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # Pass in garbage
    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(object)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails(42)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_emails([None, object, 42])
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0


def test_parse_urls():
    """utils: parse_urls() testing"""
    # A simple single array entry (As str)
    results = utils.parse.parse_urls("")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # just delimeters
    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(",  ,, , ,,, ")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(",")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(None)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(42)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_urls("this is not a parseable url at all")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    # we still end up returning this
    assert len(results) == 8

    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(
        "this is not a parseable url at all", store_unparseable=False
    )
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    # Now test valid URLs
    results = utils.parse.parse_urls("windows://")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 1
    assert "windows://" in results

    results = utils.parse.parse_urls("windows:// gnome://")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 2
    assert "windows://" in results
    assert "gnome://" in results

    # We don't want to parse out URLs that are part of another URL's arguments
    results = utils.parse.parse_urls("discord://host?url=https://localhost")
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 1
    assert "discord://host?url=https://localhost" in results

    # Commas and spaces found inside URLs are ignored
    urls = [
        (
            "mailgun://noreply@sandbox.mailgun.org/apikey/"
            "?to=test@example.com,test2@example.com,,"
            " abcd@example.com"
        ),
        (
            "mailgun://noreply@sandbox.another.mailgun.org/apikey/"
            "?to=hello@example.com,,hmmm@example.com,, abcd@example.com, ,"
        ),
        "windows://",
    ]

    # Since comma's and whitespace are the delimiters; they won't be
    # present at the end of the URL; so we just need to write a special
    # rstrip() as a regular exression to handle whitespace (\s) and comma
    # delimiter
    rstrip_re = re.compile(r"[\s,]+$")

    # Since a comma acts as a delimiter, we run a risk of a problem where the
    # comma exists as part of the URL and is therefore lost if it was found
    # at the end of it.

    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(", ".join(urls))
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == len(urls)
    for url in urls:
        assert rstrip_re.sub("", url) in results

    # However if a comma is found at the end of a single url without a new
    # match to hit, it is saved and not lost

    # The comma at the end of the password will not be lost if we're
    # dealing with a single entry:
    url = "http://hostname?password=,abcd,"
    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(url)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 1
    assert url in results

    # however if we have multiple entries, commas and spaces between
    # URLs will be lost, however the last URL will not lose the comma
    urls = [
        "schema1://hostname?password=,abcd,",
        "schema2://hostname?password=,abcd,",
    ]
    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(", ".join(urls))
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == len(urls)

    # No match because the comma is gone in the results entry
    # schema1://hostname?password=,abcd
    assert urls[0] not in results
    assert urls[0][:-1] in results

    # However we wouldn't have lost the comma in the second one:
    # schema2://hostname?password=,abcd,
    assert urls[1] in results

    # Pass the list in (as a list); results are the same
    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(urls)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == len(urls)

    # Pass in garbage
    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(object)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_urls(42)
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0

    results = utils.parse.parse_urls([None, object, 42])
    assert isinstance(results, list)
    assert len(results) == 0


def test_dict_full_update():
    """utils: dict_full_update() testing"""
    dict_1 = {
        "a": 1,
        "b": 2,
        "c": 3,
        "d": {
            "z": 27,
            "y": 26,
            "x": 25,
        },
    }

    dict_2 = {
        "d": {
            "x": "updated",
            "w": 24,
        },
        "c": "updated",
        "e": 5,
    }
    utils.logic.dict_full_update(dict_1, dict_2)
    # Dictionary 2 is untouched
    assert len(dict_2) == 3
    assert dict_2["c"] == "updated"
    assert dict_2["d"]["w"] == 24
    assert dict_2["d"]["x"] == "updated"
    assert dict_2["e"] == 5

    # Dictionary 3 however has entries from Dict 2 applied
    # without disrupting entries that were not matched.
    assert len(dict_1) == 5
    assert dict_1["a"] == 1
    assert dict_1["b"] == 2
    assert dict_1["c"] == "updated"
    assert dict_1["d"]["w"] == 24
    assert dict_1["d"]["x"] == "updated"
    assert dict_1["d"]["y"] == 26
    assert dict_1["d"]["z"] == 27
    assert dict_1["e"] == 5


def test_parse_list():
    """utils: parse_list() testing"""

    # A simple single array entry (As str)
    results = utils.parse.parse_list(
        ".mkv,.avi,.divx,.xvid,.mov,.wmv,.mp4,.mpg,.mpeg,.vob,.iso"
    )

    assert results == sorted([
        ".divx",
        ".iso",
        ".mkv",
        ".mov",
        ".mpg",
        ".avi",
        ".mpeg",
        ".vob",
        ".xvid",
        ".wmv",
        ".mp4",
    ])

    class StrangeObject:
        def __str__(self):
            return ".avi"

    # Now 2 lists with lots of duplicates and other delimiters
    results = utils.parse.parse_list(
        ".mkv,.avi,.divx,.xvid,.mov,.wmv,.mp4,.mpg .mpeg,.vob,,; ;",
        (".mkv,.avi,.divx,.xvid,.mov    ", "    .wmv,.mp4;.mpg,.mpeg,"),
        ".vob,.iso",
        [
            ".vob",
            [
                ".vob",
                ".mkv",
                StrangeObject(),
            ],
        ],
        StrangeObject(),
    )

    assert results == sorted([
        ".divx",
        ".iso",
        ".mkv",
        ".mov",
        ".mpg",
        ".avi",
        ".mpeg",
        ".vob",
        ".xvid",
        ".wmv",
        ".mp4",
    ])

    # Garbage in is removed
    assert utils.parse.parse_list(object(), 42, None) == []

    # Now a list with extras we want to add as strings
    # empty entries are removed
    results = utils.parse.parse_list(
        [
            ".divx",
            ".iso",
            ".mkv",
            ".mov",
            "",
            "  ",
            ".avi",
            ".mpeg",
            ".vob",
            ".xvid",
            ".mp4",
        ],
        ".mov,.wmv,.mp4,.mpg",
    )

    assert results == sorted([
        ".divx",
        ".wmv",
        ".iso",
        ".mkv",
        ".mov",
        ".mpg",
        ".avi",
        ".vob",
        ".xvid",
        ".mpeg",
        ".mp4",
    ])


def test_import_module(tmpdir):
    """utils: import_module testing"""
    # Prepare ourselves a file to work with
    bad_file_base = tmpdir.mkdir("a")
    bad_file = bad_file_base.join("README.md")
    bad_file.write(cleandoc("""
    I'm a README file, not a Python one.

    I can't be loaded
    """))
    assert utils.module.import_module(str(bad_file), "invalidfile1") is None
    assert (
        utils.module.import_module(str(bad_file_base), "invalidfile2") is None
    )


def test_module_detection(tmpdir):
    """utils: test_module_detection() testing"""

    # Clear our working variables so they don't obstruct with the tests here
    N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned.clear()
    N_MGR._custom_module_map.clear()

    # Test case where we load invalid data
    N_MGR.module_detection(None)

    # Invalid data does not load anything
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 0
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 0

    # Prepare ourselves a file to work with
    notify_hook_a_base = tmpdir.mkdir("a")
    notify_hook_a = notify_hook_a_base.join("hook.py")
    notify_hook_a.write(cleandoc("""
    from apprise.decorators import notify

    @notify(on="clihook")
    def mywrapper(body, title, notify_type, *args, **kwargs):
        pass
    """))

    notify_ignore = notify_hook_a_base.join("README.md")
    notify_ignore.write(cleandoc("""
    We're not a .py file, so this file gets gracefully skipped
    """))

    # Not previously loaded
    assert "clihook" not in N_MGR

    # load entry by string
    N_MGR.module_detection(str(notify_hook_a))
    N_MGR.module_detection(str(notify_ignore))
    N_MGR.module_detection(str(notify_hook_a_base))

    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 3
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # Now loaded
    assert "clihook" in N_MGR

    # load entry by array
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_a)])

    # No changes to our path
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 3
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # Reset our variables for the next test
    N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned.clear()
    N_MGR._custom_module_map.clear()

    # Hidden files are ignored
    notify_hook_b_base = tmpdir.mkdir("b")
    notify_hook_b = notify_hook_b_base.join(".hook.py")
    notify_hook_b.write(cleandoc("""
    from apprise.decorators import notify

    # this is in a hidden file so it will not load
    @notify(on="hidden")
    def mywrapper(body, title, notify_type, *args, **kwargs):
        pass
    """))

    assert "hidden" not in N_MGR

    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_b)])

    # Verify that it did not load
    assert "hidden" not in N_MGR

    # Path was scanned; nothing loaded
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 1
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 0

    # Reset our variables for the next test
    N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned.clear()
    N_MGR._custom_module_map.clear()

    # modules with no hooks found are ignored
    notify_hook_c_base = tmpdir.mkdir("c")
    notify_hook_c = notify_hook_c_base.join("empty.py")
    notify_hook_c.write("")

    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c)])

    # File was found, no custom modules
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 1
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 0

    # A new path scanned
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c_base)])
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 0

    def create_hook(tdir, cache=True, on="valid1"):
        """Just a temporary hook creation tool for writing a working notify
        hook."""
        tdir.write(cleandoc(f"""
        from apprise.decorators import notify

        # this is a good hook but burried in hidden directory which won't
        # be accessed unless the file is pointed to via absolute path
        @notify(on="{on}")
        def mywrapper(body, title, notify_type, *args, **kwargs):
            pass
        """))

        N_MGR.module_detection([str(tdir)], cache=cache)

    create_hook(notify_hook_c, on="valid1")
    assert "valid1" not in N_MGR

    # Even if we correct our empty file; the fact the directory has been
    # scanned and failed to load (same with file), it won't be loaded
    # a second time. This is intentional since module_detection() get's
    # called for every AppriseAsset() object creation.  This prevents us
    # from reloading conent over and over again wasting resources
    assert "valid1" not in N_MGR
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c)])
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 0

    # Even by absolute path...
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c)])
    assert "valid1" not in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 0

    # However we can bypass the cache if we really want to
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c_base)], cache=False)
    assert "valid1" in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # Bypassing it twice causes the module to load twice (not very efficient)
    # However we can bypass the cache if we really want to
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c_base)], cache=False)
    assert "valid1" in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # If you update the module (corrupting it in the process and reload)
    notify_hook_c.write(cleandoc("""
    raise ValueError
    """))

    # Force no cache to cause the file to be replaced
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c_base)], cache=False)

    # Our valid entry is no longer loaded
    assert "valid1" not in N_MGR

    # No change to scanned paths
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    # The previously loaded module is now gone
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 0

    # Reload our valid1 entry
    create_hook(notify_hook_c, on="valid1", cache=False)
    assert "valid1" in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # Prepare an empty file
    notify_hook_c.write("")
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c_base)], cache=False)

    # Our valid entry is no longer loaded
    assert "valid1" not in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 0

    # Now reload our module again (this time rather then an exception, the
    # module is read back and swaps `valid1` for `valid2`
    create_hook(notify_hook_c, on="valid1", cache=False)
    assert "valid1" in N_MGR
    assert "valid2" not in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    create_hook(notify_hook_c, on="valid2", cache=False)
    assert "valid1" not in N_MGR
    assert "valid2" in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # Reset our variables for the next test
    create_hook(notify_hook_c, on="valid1", cache=False)
    del N_MGR["valid1"]
    N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned.clear()
    N_MGR._custom_module_map.clear()

    notify_hook_d = notify_hook_c_base.join(".ignore.py")
    notify_hook_d.write("")
    notify_hook_e_base = notify_hook_c_base.mkdir(".ignore")
    notify_hook_e = notify_hook_e_base.join("__init__.py")
    notify_hook_e.write(cleandoc("""
    from apprise.decorators import notify

    # this is a good hook but burried in hidden directory which won't
    # be accessed unless the file is pointed to via absolute path
    @notify(on="valid2")
    def mywrapper(body, title, notify_type, *args, **kwargs):
        pass
    """))

    # Try to load our base directory again; this time we search by the
    # directory; the only edge case we're testing here is it will not
    # even look at the .ignore.py file found since it is invalid
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c_base)])
    assert "valid1" in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # Reset our variables for the next test
    del N_MGR._schema_map["valid1"]
    N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned.clear()
    N_MGR._custom_module_map.clear()

    # Try to load our base directory again
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_c)])
    assert "valid1" in N_MGR

    # Hidden directories are not scanned
    assert "valid2" not in N_MGR

    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 1
    assert str(notify_hook_c) in N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # However a direct reference to the hidden directory is okay
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_e_base)])

    # We loaded our module
    assert "valid2" in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 3
    assert str(notify_hook_c) in N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned
    assert str(notify_hook_e) in N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned
    assert str(notify_hook_e_base) in N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 2

    # Reset our variables for the next test
    del N_MGR._schema_map["valid1"]
    del N_MGR._schema_map["valid2"]
    N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned.clear()
    N_MGR._custom_module_map.clear()

    # Load our file directly
    assert "valid2" not in N_MGR
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_e)])

    # Now we have it loaded as expected
    assert "valid2" in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 1
    assert str(notify_hook_e) in N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # however if we try to load the base directory where the __init__.py
    # was already loaded from, it will not change anything
    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_e_base)])
    assert "valid2" in N_MGR
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 2
    assert str(notify_hook_e) in N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned
    assert str(notify_hook_e_base) in N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1

    # Tidy up for the next test
    del N_MGR._schema_map["valid2"]
    N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned.clear()
    N_MGR._custom_module_map.clear()

    assert "valid1" not in N_MGR
    assert "valid2" not in N_MGR
    assert "valid3" not in N_MGR
    notify_hook_f_base = tmpdir.mkdir("f")
    notify_hook_f = notify_hook_f_base.join("invalid.py")
    notify_hook_f.write(cleandoc("""
    from apprise.decorators import notify

    # A very invalid hook type... on should not be None
    @notify(on=None)
    def mywrapper(body, title, notify_type, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    # An invalid name
    @notify(on='valid1', name=None)
    def mywrapper(body, title, notify_type, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    # Another invalid name (so it's ignored)
    @notify(on='valid2', name=object)
    def mywrapper(body, title, notify_type, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    # Simply put... the name has to be a string to be referenced
    # however this will still be loaded
    @notify(on='valid3', name=4)
    def mywrapper(body, title, notify_type, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    """))

    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_f)])

    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 1
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 1
    assert "valid1" in N_MGR
    assert "valid2" in N_MGR
    assert "valid3" in N_MGR

    # Reset our variables for the next test
    del N_MGR._schema_map["valid1"]
    del N_MGR._schema_map["valid2"]
    del N_MGR._schema_map["valid3"]
    N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned.clear()
    N_MGR._custom_module_map.clear()

    # Now test the handling of just bad data entirely
    notify_hook_g_base = tmpdir.mkdir("g")
    notify_hook_g = notify_hook_g_base.join("binary.py")
    with open(str(notify_hook_g), "wb") as fout:
        fout.write(os.urandom(512))

    N_MGR.module_detection([str(notify_hook_g)])
    assert len(N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned) == 1
    assert len(N_MGR._custom_module_map) == 0

    # Reset our variables before we leave
    N_MGR._paths_previously_scanned.clear()
    N_MGR._custom_module_map.clear()


def test_exclusive_match():
    """utils: is_exclusive_match() testing"""

    # No Logic always returns True if there is also no data
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(data=None, logic=None) is True
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(data=None, logic=set()) is True
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(data="", logic=set()) is True
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(data="", logic=set()) is True

    # however, once data is introduced, True is no longer returned
    # if no logic has been specified
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(data="check", logic=set()) is False
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(data=["check", "checkb"], logic=set())
        is False
    )

    # String delimters are stripped out so that a list can be formed
    # the below is just an empty token list
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(data=set(), logic=",;   ,") is True

    # garbage logic is never an exclusive match
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(data=set(), logic=object()) is False
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            data=set(),
            logic=[
                object(),
            ],
        )
        is False
    )

    #
    # Test with logic:
    #
    data = {"abc"}

    # def in data
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic="def", data=data) is False
    # def in data
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            logic=[
                "def",
            ],
            data=data,
        )
        is False
    )
    # def in data
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic=("def",), data=data) is False
    # def in data
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            logic={
                "def",
            },
            data=data,
        )
        is False
    )
    # abc in data
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            logic=[
                "abc",
            ],
            data=data,
        )
        is True
    )
    # abc in data
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic=("abc",), data=data) is True
    # abc in data
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            logic={
                "abc",
            },
            data=data,
        )
        is True
    )
    # abc or def in data
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic="abc, def", data=data) is True

    #
    # Update our data set so we can do more advance checks
    #
    data = {"abc", "def", "efg", "xyz"}

    # match_all matches everything
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic="all", data=data) is True
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic=["all"], data=data) is True

    # def and abc in data
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic=[("abc", "def")], data=data)
        is True
    )

    # cba and abc in data
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic=[("cba", "abc")], data=data)
        is False
    )

    # www or zzz or abc and xyz
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            logic=["www", "zzz", ("abc", "xyz")], data=data
        )
        is True
    )
    # www or zzz or abc and xyz (strings are valid too)
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            logic=["www", "zzz", "abc, xyz"], data=data
        )
        is True
    )

    # www or zzz or abc and jjj
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            logic=["www", "zzz", ("abc", "jjj")], data=data
        )
        is False
    )

    #
    # Empty data set
    #
    data = set()
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic=["www"], data=data) is False
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic="all", data=data) is True

    #
    # Update our data set so we can do more advance checks
    #
    data = {"always", "entry1"}
    # We'll always match on the with keyword always
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic="always", data=data) is True
    assert utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(logic="garbage", data=data) is True
    # However we will not match if we turn this feature off
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            logic="garbage", data=data, match_always=False
        )
        is False
    )

    # Change default value from 'all' to 'match_me'. Logic matches
    # so we pass
    assert (
        utils.logic.is_exclusive_match(
            logic="match_me", data=data, match_all="match_me"
        )
        is True
    )


def test_apprise_validate_regex():
    """
    API: Apprise() Validate Regex tests

    """
    assert utils.parse.validate_regex(None) is None
    assert utils.parse.validate_regex(object) is None
    assert utils.parse.validate_regex(42) is None
    assert utils.parse.validate_regex("") is None
    assert utils.parse.validate_regex("  ") is None
    assert utils.parse.validate_regex("abc") == "abc"

    # value is a keyword that is extracted (if found)
    assert (
        utils.parse.validate_regex(
            "- abcd -", r"-(?P<value>[^-]+)-", fmt="{value}"
        )
        == "abcd"
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.validate_regex(
            "- abcd -", r"-(?P<value>[^-]+)-", strip=False, fmt="{value}"
        )
        == " abcd "
    )

    # String flags supported in addition to numeric
    assert (
        utils.parse.validate_regex(
            "- abcd -", r"-(?P<value>[^-]+)-", "i", fmt="{value}"
        )
        == "abcd"
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.validate_regex(
            "- abcd -", r"-(?P<value>[^-]+)-", re.I, fmt="{value}"
        )
        == "abcd"
    )

    # Test multiple flag settings
    assert (
        utils.parse.validate_regex(
            "- abcd -", r"-(?P<value>[^-]+)-", "isax", fmt="{value}"
        )
        == "abcd"
    )

    # Invalid flags are just ignored. The below fails to match
    # because the default value of 'i' is over-ridden by what is
    # identfied below, and no flag is set at the end of the day
    assert (
        utils.parse.validate_regex(
            "- abcd -", r"-(?P<value>[ABCD]+)-", "-%2gb", fmt="{value}"
        )
        is None
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.validate_regex(
            "- abcd -", r"-(?P<value>[ABCD]+)-", "", fmt="{value}"
        )
        is None
    )
    assert (
        utils.parse.validate_regex(
            "- abcd -", r"-(?P<value>[ABCD]+)-", None, fmt="{value}"
        )
        is None
    )


def test_apply_templating():
    """utils: apply_template() testing"""

    template = "Hello {{fname}}, How are you {{whence}}?"

    result = utils.templates.apply_template(
        template, **{"fname": "Chris", "whence": "this morning"}
    )
    assert isinstance(result, str)
    assert result == "Hello Chris, How are you this morning?"

    # In this example 'whence' isn't provided, so it isn't swapped
    result = utils.templates.apply_template(template, **{"fname": "Chris"})
    assert isinstance(result, str)
    assert result == "Hello Chris, How are you {{whence}}?"

    # white space won't cause any ill affects:
    template = "Hello {{ fname }}, How are you {{   whence}}?"
    result = utils.templates.apply_template(
        template, **{"fname": "Chris", "whence": "this morning"}
    )
    assert isinstance(result, str)
    assert result == "Hello Chris, How are you this morning?"

    # No arguments won't cause any problems
    template = "Hello {{fname}}, How are you {{whence}}?"
    result = utils.templates.apply_template(template)
    assert isinstance(result, str)
    assert result == template

    # Wrong elements are simply ignored
    result = utils.templates.apply_template(
        template, **{"fname": "l2g", "whence": "this evening", "ignore": "me"}
    )
    assert isinstance(result, str)
    assert result == "Hello l2g, How are you this evening?"

    # Empty template makes things easy
    result = utils.templates.apply_template(
        "", **{"fname": "l2g", "whence": "this evening"}
    )
    assert isinstance(result, str)
    assert result == ""

    # Regular expressions are safely escapped and act as normal
    # tokens:
    template = "Hello {{.*}}, How are you {{[A-Z0-9]+}}?"
    result = utils.templates.apply_template(
        template, **{".*": "l2g", "[A-Z0-9]+": "this afternoon"}
    )
    assert result == "Hello l2g, How are you this afternoon?"

    # JSON is handled too such as escaping quotes
    template = '{value: "{{ value }}"}'
    result = utils.templates.apply_template(
        template,
        app_mode=utils.templates.TemplateType.JSON,
        **{"value": '"quotes are escaped"'},
    )
    assert result == '{value: "\\"quotes are escaped\\""}'


def test_cwe312_word():
    """utils: cwe312_word() testing"""
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word(None) is None
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word(42) == 42
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("") == ""
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word(" ") == " "
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("!") == "!"

    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("a") == "a"
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("ab") == "ab"
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("abc") == "abc"
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("abcd") == "abcd"
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("abcd", force=True) == "a...d"

    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("abc--d") == "abc--d"
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("a-domain.ca") == "a...a"

    # Variances to still catch domain
    assert (
        utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("a-domain.ca", advanced=False)
        == "a-domain.ca"
    )
    assert (
        utils.cwe312.cwe312_word("a-domain.ca", threshold=6) == "a-domain.ca"
    )


def test_cwe312_url():
    """utils: cwe312_url() testing"""
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_url(None) is None
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_url(42) == 42
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_url("http://") == "http://"
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_url("discord://") == "discord://"
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_url("path") == "http://path"
    assert utils.cwe312.cwe312_url("path/") == "http://path/"

    # Now test http:// private data
    assert (
        utils.cwe312.cwe312_url("http://user:pass123@localhost")
        == "http://user:p...3@localhost"
    )
    assert (
        utils.cwe312.cwe312_url("http://user@localhost")
        == "http://user@localhost"
    )
    assert (
        utils.cwe312.cwe312_url("http://user@localhost?password=abc123")
        == "http://user@localhost?password=a...3"
    )
    assert (
        utils.cwe312.cwe312_url("http://user@localhost?secret=secret-.12345")
        == "http://user@localhost?secret=s...5"
    )

    assert (
        utils.cwe312.cwe312_url(
            "slack://mybot@xoxb-43598234231-3248932482278"
            "-BZK5Wj15B9mPh1RkShJoCZ44"
            "/lead2gold@gmail.com"
        )
        == "slack://mybot@x...4/l...m"
    )
    assert (
        utils.cwe312.cwe312_url(
            "slack://test@B4QP3WWB4/J3QWT41JM/XIl2ffpqXkzkwMXrJdevi7W3/#random"
        )
        == "slack://test@B...4/J...M/X...3/"
    )


def test_base64_encode_decode():
    """Utils:Base64:URLEncode & Decode."""
    assert utils.base64.base64_urlencode(None) is None
    assert utils.base64.base64_urlencode(42) is None
    assert utils.base64.base64_urlencode(object) is None
    assert utils.base64.base64_urlencode({}) is None
    assert utils.base64.base64_urlencode("") is None
    assert utils.base64.base64_urlencode("abc") is None
    assert utils.base64.base64_urlencode(b"") == ""
    assert utils.base64.base64_urlencode(b"abc") == "YWJj"

    assert utils.base64.base64_urldecode(None) is None
    assert utils.base64.base64_urldecode(42) is None
    assert utils.base64.base64_urldecode(object) is None
    assert utils.base64.base64_urldecode({}) is None

    assert utils.base64.base64_urldecode("abc") == b"i\xb7"
    assert utils.base64.base64_urldecode("") == b""
    assert utils.base64.base64_urldecode("YWJj") == b"abc"


def test_dict_base64_codec(tmpdir):
    """Test encoding/decoding of base64 content."""
    original = {
        "int": 1,
        "float": 2.3,
    }

    encoded, needs_decoding = utils.base64.encode_b64_dict(original)
    assert encoded == {"int": "b64:MQ==", "float": "b64:Mi4z"}
    assert needs_decoding is True
    decoded = utils.base64.decode_b64_dict(encoded)
    assert decoded == original

    with mock.patch("json.dumps", side_effect=TypeError()):
        encoded, needs_decoding = utils.base64.encode_b64_dict(original)
        # we failed
        assert needs_decoding is False
        assert encoded == {
            "int": "1",
            "float": "2.3",
        }


def test_dir_size(tmpdir):
    """Test dir size tool."""

    # Nothing to find/see
    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir))
    assert size == 0
    assert len(_errors) == 0

    # Write a file in our root directory
    tmpdir.join("root.psdata").write("0" * 1024 * 1024)

    # Prepare some more directories
    namespace_1 = tmpdir.mkdir("abcdefg")
    namespace_2 = tmpdir.mkdir("defghij")
    namespace_2.join("cache.psdata").write("0" * 1024 * 1024)
    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir))
    assert size == 1024 * 1024 * 2
    assert len(_errors) == 0

    # Write another file
    namespace_1.join("cache.psdata").write("0" * 1024 * 1024)
    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir))
    assert size == 1024 * 1024 * 3
    assert len(_errors) == 0

    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(namespace_1))
    assert size == 1024 * 1024
    assert len(_errors) == 0

    # Create a directory insde one of our namespaces
    subspace_1 = namespace_1.mkdir("zyx")
    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(namespace_1))
    assert size == 1024 * 1024

    subspace_1.join("cache.psdata").write("0" * 1024 * 1024)
    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir))
    assert size == 1024 * 1024 * 4
    assert len(_errors) == 0

    # Recursion limit reduced... no change at 2 as we can go 2
    # diretories deep no problem
    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir), max_depth=2)
    assert size == 1024 * 1024 * 4
    assert len(_errors) == 0

    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir), max_depth=1)
    assert size == 1024 * 1024 * 3
    # we can't get into our subspace_1
    assert len(_errors) == 1
    assert str(subspace_1) in _errors

    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir), max_depth=0)
    assert size == 1024 * 1024
    # we can't get into our namespace directories
    assert len(_errors) == 2
    assert str(namespace_1) in _errors
    assert str(namespace_2) in _errors

    # Let's cause problems now and test the output
    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size("invalid-directory", missing_okay=True)
    assert size == 0
    assert len(_errors) == 0

    size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(
        "invalid-directory", missing_okay=False
    )
    assert size == 0
    assert len(_errors) == 1
    assert "invalid-directory" in _errors

    with mock.patch("os.scandir", side_effect=OSError()):
        size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir), missing_okay=True)
        assert size == 0
        assert len(_errors) == 1
        assert str(tmpdir) in _errors

    with mock.patch("os.scandir") as mock_scandir:
        mock_entry = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_entry.is_file.side_effect = OSError()
        mock_entry.path = "/test/path"
        # Mock the scandir return value to yield the mock entry
        mock_scandir.return_value.__enter__.return_value = [mock_entry]

        size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir))
        assert size == 0
        assert len(_errors) == 1
        assert mock_entry.path in _errors

    with mock.patch("os.scandir") as mock_scandir:
        mock_entry = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_entry.is_file.return_value = False
        mock_entry.is_dir.side_effect = OSError()
        mock_entry.path = "/test/path"
        # Mock the scandir return value to yield the mock entry
        mock_scandir.return_value.__enter__.return_value = [mock_entry]
        size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir))
        assert len(_errors) == 1
        assert mock_entry.path in _errors

    with mock.patch("os.scandir") as mock_scandir:
        mock_entry = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_entry.is_file.return_value = False
        mock_entry.is_dir.return_value = False
        # Mock the scandir return value to yield the mock entry
        mock_scandir.return_value.__enter__.return_value = [mock_entry]
        size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir))
        assert size == 0
        assert len(_errors) == 0

    with mock.patch("os.scandir") as mock_scandir:
        mock_entry = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_entry.is_file.side_effect = FileNotFoundError()
        mock_entry.path = "/test/path"
        # Mock the scandir return value to yield the mock entry
        mock_scandir.return_value.__enter__.return_value = [mock_entry]

        size, _errors = utils.disk.dir_size(str(tmpdir))
        assert size == 0
        # No file isn't a problem, we're calculating disksize anyway,
        # one less thing to calculate
        assert len(_errors) == 0


def test_bytes_to_str():
    """Test Bytes to String representation."""
    # Garbage Entry
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str(None) is None
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str("") is None
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str("GARBAGE") is None

    # Good Entries
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str(0) == "0.00B"
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str(1) == "1.00B"
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str(1.1) == "1.10B"
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str(1024) == "1.00KB"
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str(1024 * 1024) == "1.00MB"
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str(1024 * 1024 * 1024) == "1.00GB"
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str(1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) == "1.00TB"

    # Support strings too
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str("0") == "0.00B"
    assert utils.disk.bytes_to_str("1024") == "1.00KB"


def test_time_zoneinfo():
    """utils: zoneinfo() testing"""

    # Some valid strings
    assert isinstance(utils.time.zoneinfo("UTC"), tzinfo)
    assert isinstance(utils.time.zoneinfo("z"), tzinfo)
    assert isinstance(utils.time.zoneinfo("gmt"), tzinfo)
    assert isinstance(utils.time.zoneinfo("utc"), tzinfo)
    assert isinstance(utils.time.zoneinfo("Toronto"), tzinfo)
    assert isinstance(utils.time.zoneinfo("America/Toronto"), tzinfo)
    assert isinstance(utils.time.zoneinfo("america/toronto"), tzinfo)

    # Edge Case with time also supported:
    tz = utils.time.zoneinfo("America/Argentina/Cordoba")
    isinstance(tz, tzinfo)
    assert isinstance(utils.time.zoneinfo("Argentina/Cordoba"), tzinfo)
    assert utils.time.zoneinfo("Argentina/Cordoba").key == tz.key
    # "America/Cordoba" has been obsoleted by IANA in facor of
    #  "America/Argentina/Cordoba", however the IANA database
    #  instance used is system-dependent, so these tests have
    #  different results depending on the system running them
    if utils.time.zoneinfo("Cordoba") is not None:
        # the system has the obsolete "America/Cordoba" entry
        assert isinstance(utils.time.zoneinfo("Cordoba"), tzinfo)
        assert utils.time.zoneinfo("Cordoba").key == "America/Cordoba"
    else:
        assert utils.time.zoneinfo("Cordoba") is None
        # the utils helper should still resolve this abbreviated (and
        #  lowercase) form
        assert utils.time.zoneinfo("argentina/cordoba").key == \
            "America/Argentina/Cordoba"

    # Too ambiguous
    assert utils.time.zoneinfo("Argentina") is None

    # bad data
    assert utils.time.zoneinfo(object) is None
    assert utils.time.zoneinfo(None) is None
    assert utils.time.zoneinfo(1) is None
    assert utils.time.zoneinfo("") is None
    assert utils.time.zoneinfo("invalid") is None
